International trade has undergone significant transformation in recent years thanks to technological advances, policy changes and geopolitical dynamics. One of the latest developments is the increasing use of global e-commerce. Digital platforms like Amazon and Alibaba are not only expanding the market for small businesses, but also enabling consumers to access products from all over the world. E-commerce has increased supply chain efficiency and reduced transaction costs, making international trade more inclusive. In addition, the one belt and one road policy (Belt and Road Initiative – BRI) initiated by China strengthens trade networks between countries. This initiative aims to create infrastructure that supports the transportation of goods and services in Asia, Europe and Africa. Through investment and development of infrastructure projects such as ports, railways and roads, BRI provides opportunities for developing countries to integrate into global markets. Changes in trade policy also contribute to this new dynamic. For example, the shift from multilateral to bilateral agreements can be seen in the implementation of RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership), which involves 15 Asian countries. This agreement is designed to make trade easier by reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers, encouraging deeper regional integration. Trade tensions also influence the direction of international trade. Tensions between the US and China have resulted in high tariffs on certain goods, forcing companies to look for alternative sources of raw materials and production locations. This triggered a shift in global supply chains, with many companies shifting production to Southeast Asian countries considered more politically stable. Sustainability issues are increasingly gaining attention in international trade. Many countries are now encouraging sustainable trade practices, including the use of environmentally friendly products and responsible production methods. New standards for sustainability certification in international markets not only create added value for products, but can also reduce the environmental impact of trading activities. Digitalization of trade is also one of the main trends. Blockchain technology, for example, offers greater transparency and security in international transaction processes. The application of blockchain in the logistics sector can improve goods tracking and reduce the risk of fraud. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly being used to analyze market data and predict trends, helping businesses make better decisions in the context of global trade. Lastly, the COVID-19 pandemic has left a profound impact on the way international trade takes place. Travel restrictions and border closures have forced many companies to adapt to more flexible business models. Many companies are now focused on developing strong recovery strategies to survive and thrive in a changing market. These developments shape the future of international trade, which is increasingly complex but offers exciting opportunities for market players around the world.
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